To be useful, This post has to be viewed on your PC. As I think the videos won't play on gadget. But you can always try it out and see if it is working on your gadget. My iPhone definitely cannot play the videos. :(
Have you get yourselves familiar with the introduced phonics last week?
Do you know how to pronounce "b"? Yep, it is "po", how about "j"? Do I hear "ci"? you are right again.
Just like how we learn our own mother language, such as Bahasa Indonesia and English, we were introduced to the individual alphabets first, then the combination of those alphabets to make up sound and finally word! Same thing here in learning the Chinese phonics, hanyu pinyin.
In Bahasa Indonesia, when spell "buku", we separate it into 2 syllables:
1. we say: "be" + "u" = "Bu" NOT "beu"
2. Then, continue with "ka" + "u" = "Ku" NOT "kau".
Again, it is similar in Mandarin.
When we see "ba", we pronounce it as "po" + "a" = "pa", we do NOT end up saying "poa".
Then, "ji" is spelled as "ci" + "i", and pronounced as "ci", and NOT "cii"
"ku" is spelled as "khe" + "u", and pronounced as "khu", and NOT "kheu"
and so on and so forth.
That's the basic. Then, there are a few rules that you have to know:
1. vowel "i", "u" and "ü" do not stand by themselves.
For "i" and "ü", you have to add "y" in front, written as "yi" and "yu" (without the dots on top) and pronounced as "yi" and "yü"
As for "u", is written and pronounced as "wu".
Other vowels can stand by themselves. Such as: a (啊，阿），o （哦，噢），e（鹅，饿）
2. j, q, x (pronounced as ci, chi, si) have never been friend with phonic "u". So, whenever you see "ju", "qu", "xu" they should be pronounced as "jü", "qü" "xü". There is a poem for this rule to help kids remember. It goes like this:
ü has a hat.
When j, q, and x meets ü, they all want its hat
so when ü see j q x, ü quickly remove the hat.
Thus you don't see ü with its hat when it meets with j, q, and x. Again, they are written as "ju", "qu", "xu"
3. n and l (pronounced as ne and le) make friend with both "u" and "ü". So they have to be written as the sound they produce. "nu" is different from "nü" and "lu" is different from "lü".
4. Do you still remember how to pronounce the following phonics?
zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s
if you can't recall, please refer back to the previous post
There are many words with that kind of sound above, such as 只， 吃， 是， 日， 字， 词， 四， listen to the video below for the pronunciation of each character and the phonics that represent them.
You might first think that each of the character is represent by zh or ch or sh alone, because they sound like it. But they don't. Consonant can't stand by themselves. they have to be followed by at least one vowel. In this case, the default vowel that follow them is "i".
You might question, why don't they be followed by "e" because it sounds closer. Listen to the following to compare the sound of zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s when they are followed by "i" and "e"
If you can pronounce the phonics zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s correctly, then you will have no problem pronouncing zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si. (They are exactly the same sounds) Now to differentiate them with zhe, che, she, re, ze, ce, se, you just have to open up your mouth a little bit more but not as much as when you pronounce zha, cha, etc.
Listen to the following:
Have you get yourselves familiar with the introduced phonics last week?
Do you know how to pronounce "b"? Yep, it is "po", how about "j"? Do I hear "ci"? you are right again.
Just like how we learn our own mother language, such as Bahasa Indonesia and English, we were introduced to the individual alphabets first, then the combination of those alphabets to make up sound and finally word! Same thing here in learning the Chinese phonics, hanyu pinyin.
In Bahasa Indonesia, when spell "buku", we separate it into 2 syllables:
1. we say: "be" + "u" = "Bu" NOT "beu"
2. Then, continue with "ka" + "u" = "Ku" NOT "kau".
Again, it is similar in Mandarin.
When we see "ba", we pronounce it as "po" + "a" = "pa", we do NOT end up saying "poa".
Then, "ji" is spelled as "ci" + "i", and pronounced as "ci", and NOT "cii"
"ku" is spelled as "khe" + "u", and pronounced as "khu", and NOT "kheu"
and so on and so forth.
That's the basic. Then, there are a few rules that you have to know:
1. vowel "i", "u" and "ü" do not stand by themselves.
For "i" and "ü", you have to add "y" in front, written as "yi" and "yu" (without the dots on top) and pronounced as "yi" and "yü"
As for "u", is written and pronounced as "wu".
Other vowels can stand by themselves. Such as: a (啊，阿），o （哦，噢），e（鹅，饿）
2. j, q, x (pronounced as ci, chi, si) have never been friend with phonic "u". So, whenever you see "ju", "qu", "xu" they should be pronounced as "jü", "qü" "xü". There is a poem for this rule to help kids remember. It goes like this:
ü has a hat.
When j, q, and x meets ü, they all want its hat
so when ü see j q x, ü quickly remove the hat.
Thus you don't see ü with its hat when it meets with j, q, and x. Again, they are written as "ju", "qu", "xu"
3. n and l (pronounced as ne and le) make friend with both "u" and "ü". So they have to be written as the sound they produce. "nu" is different from "nü" and "lu" is different from "lü".
4. Do you still remember how to pronounce the following phonics?
zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s
if you can't recall, please refer back to the previous post
There are many words with that kind of sound above, such as 只， 吃， 是， 日， 字， 词， 四， listen to the video below for the pronunciation of each character and the phonics that represent them.
Don't bother about the intonation for now, just focus on the sound it forms.
You might first think that each of the character is represent by zh or ch or sh alone, because they sound like it. But they don't. Consonant can't stand by themselves. they have to be followed by at least one vowel. In this case, the default vowel that follow them is "i".
You might question, why don't they be followed by "e" because it sounds closer. Listen to the following to compare the sound of zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s when they are followed by "i" and "e"
If you noticed there are ups and downs in the intonation. This what makes it different in Mandarin. Again, you are not supposed to focus on that for now. Just focus on the difference in the ending sounds. Intonation is coming in the next post!
If you can pronounce the phonics zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s correctly, then you will have no problem pronouncing zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si. (They are exactly the same sounds) Now to differentiate them with zhe, che, she, re, ze, ce, se, you just have to open up your mouth a little bit more but not as much as when you pronounce zha, cha, etc.
Listen to the following:
Try to read zhi, zhe, zha, chi, che, cha (as in the video above) and feel the difference in the shape of your mouth.
For now, those are the things that you have to remember. Actually there are lists of phonics combination that you can find, however, that's too much to remember. Knowing what matters are god enough for me. Hopefully it is good enough for you. However if you would like to find out more, then feel free to explore. Here is the link to a very informative and effective site to learn hanyu pinyin. However, it might overload you with information. So, don't finish it in one reading, one step at a time.
Try to read the following, without paying attention to the intonation, for now:
ma, pa, sha, le, ke,
po, fa, ta, zi, ze, lü,
zhu, zu, xu, da, wu,
wa, yu, sa, gu, qi, chi
Cross check your answer here:
Other than this, you can also do your own practice, by looking up words with simple phonics in Pleco to enrich your vocabularies.
Intonation next! :)
Happy Spelling,
Linda Tan
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